HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY

WHAT IS HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY?

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) utilizes a specialized chamber to deliver high concentrations of oxygen (100%) to patients under pressure, in a controlled environment. Utilizing the principles of basic physics, oxygen is delivered to compromised tissues despite minimal, or even lack of, blood flow. Under pressure, oxygen not only binds to the hemoglobin in red blood cells more readily, but it also becomes dissolved within the plasma which then transports it deeper within the tissues all over the body.

In human medicine, HBOT has been utilized and demonstrated to have varying efficacy in treating a variety of conditions. Adapting these principles to veterinary medicine is exciting and practical.

The patient is placed in a specialized chamber and the pressure surrounding the patient is increased by allowing the oxygen to flow into the sealed chamber. Through the normal physiology of respiratory gas exchange, via the pulmonary system, increased levels of oxygen circulate as perfusion is improved via the increased atmospheric pressure.

All patients are also closely monitored by a specially trained and skilled veterinary staff member throughout their HBOT session.

The goal of HBOT is to increase the amount of oxygen that is delivered to diseased, infected, vascularly compromised, inflamed and/or damaged tissues to help them heal; often at an accelerated rate compared to without adjunctive HBO. As the concentration of oxygen is increased in the blood and plasma, under pressure we also increase the distance to which it diffuses into the tissues.

As with any drug/medication, there is the potential for rare side effects to occur during a HBO treatment. For example, patients may experience oxygen toxicity or barotrauma. However, the possibility of these potential risks are minimized by proper dosing, frequency, duration of pressure within a hyper oxygenated environment, as well as following proper compression and decompression procedures. Individual patients are evaluated and screened prior to undergoing HBO, and a specific protocol is created by the HBO team.

There are many indications for this treatment modality. In general, any condition or disease in which there is an inflammatory component, vascular compromise, or damage/trauma to tissue, etc., would likely benefit from this therapy. The list below is by no means complete, rather it offers a general guide for qualifying conditions. As research continues, there is a growing number of locations available offering this treatment in veterinary medicine.

  • Wounds, thermal burns, compromised grafts and flaps, and envenomation (eg. snake, spider bites)
  • Vascular events/thromboembolism, vasoconstriction, crushing injury, tissue ischemia, reperfusion injury, compartment syndrome, arterial gas embolism (AGE)
  • Carbon monoxide toxicity, smoke inhalation, aspiration pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, aspergillosis (fungal infection)
  • Pancreatitis, cholecystitis, gastroenteritis, irritable bowel disease/syndrome, , cystitis, esophagitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, systemic shock
  • Traumatic brain injuries, traumatic spinal cord injuries (IVDD, FCE, etc.), nerve tissue salvage, delayed neuronal death 
  • Post surgery: bone healing (fractures), increased incisional tension, post surgical bruising/swelling, slow healing, incisional dehiscence
  • Osteomyelitis, soft tissue bacterial infection, intracranial and abdominal abscesses